CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains)

2021-10-30 18:30:02 Rajesh mohan AIR - 102, CSE 2020
CSAT notes

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2021-10-30 18:30:02 Nitish Rajora (AIR 268, CSE 2020).
PSIR strategy

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2021-10-30 17:02:36 ESSAY PROGRAM UNDER TOPPER'S GUIDANCE

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2021-10-30 16:30:01 Manual scavenging In India

Why in the news : Safai Mitra Suraksha Challenge was launched on World Toilet Day - 19 Nov 2020, to prevent ‘hazardous cleaning’ of sewers and septic tanks and promote their mechanized cleaning.

About Manual scavenging

Manual scavenging refers to the unsafe and manual removal of human excrement from public streets and dry latrines, cleaning septic tanks, gutters and sewers”.
Manual scavenging is the “most inhuman” and violative of the fundamental rights guaranteed under Article 21.
The SECC 2011 identified 1,82,505 households with the primary occupation of manual scavenging. Several organisations suggest that more than 75 % of manual scavengers are women.
282 sanitation workers have died while cleaning sewers and septic tanks in the country between 2016 and November 2019 (Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment).

Government Interventions

The ‘Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013 - For eradication of dry latrines and manual scavenging and rehabilitation of manual scavengers in alternative occupations.
National Commission for Safai Karamcharis - A statutory body to look into matters concerning the Safai Karamcharis' welfare and make recommendations to the government.
National Safai Karamcharis Finance and Development Corporation - Provides financial assistance to the Safai Karamcharis, Scavengers and their dependents for any viable income generating schemes. It has empanelled 22 training institutions and identified a variety of skill training in an attempt to boost alternative employment and encourage entrepreneurship.
Self-Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers (SRMS).
Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan - Eradication of manual scavenging is one of the objectives of Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan.
Safaimitra Suraksha Challenge - Aims to completely mechanise all septic and sewage tank cleaning operations in 243 cities across India, by April 30, 2021.

Challenges

Lack of proper identification - Wide difference between official and NGO figures. Ex - National survey 2018 acknowledged manual scavengers in the statutory towns of 14 Indian states.
Implementation gaps - Of the 87,913 manual scavengers identified by the national survey (2018), only 27,268 have been integrated into relevant schemes.
Government apathy - Local administrations are not ready to accept that manual scavenging existed in their jurisdictions. (2018 baseline survey, under WaterAid India’s project)
Govt Biggest violator - Indian Railways have toilets dropping the excreta from trains on the tracks and thus employ scavengers to clean the tracks manually.
Reduced funding - Government has reduced the Budget allocation for the self-employment scheme in
February by 9% to Rs 100 crore for 2021-’22.
Other - The practice is driven by caste, class and income divides, Absence of a viable alternative income source, most people are unaware about their entitlements and rights.

Way Forward : Acknowledgement of the issue and its gravity is the first step, it leads to proper identification of manual scavengers. Apart from it, implementation of laws in letter and spirit, social sensitization about the practice, awareness of schemes and programmes, generating alternative livelihood opportunities would be the key to get rid of this evil practice.

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2021-10-30 15:30:01 Important Update:
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2021-10-30 08:30:01 economy mains 2020 Vivek Singh

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2021-10-30 05:39:35 We all know the importance of current affairs in UPSC exams. It is an integral part of UPSC preparations at all 3 levels. Students often miss important news from the newspaper and spend too much time on newspaper reading. Which if done in a systematic and correct manner can help you hit the right approach.
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