CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains)

2021-04-26 16:00:37 Haldwani Bio-Diversity Park

Uttrakhand opened its biggest biodiversity park in Haldwani on the World Environment Day (5th June).
Inside the Park, there are thematic gardens, a soil museum, species of plants, lichens, mosses and algae from the Jurassic era, a vermicomposting unit, an interpretation center, and a state-of-the-art weather station.
The Park has 40 unique sections having 479 rare plant species of cactus, medicinal herbs, different types of trees, etc.
The various species of plants have been brought to the park from diverse terrains like Niti Mana Valley and even from some glaciers around Kedarnath.
Niti Mana Valley is located near the India Tibetan Border in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand.
The plant species in the biodiversity park is divided into spiritual & religious, scientific, human health, and aesthetic value sections.
The spiritual section has trees that find mention in holy scriptures like Guru Granth Sahib, Quran, Bible, and others.
It showcases the different kinds of soil found in various topographies of Uttarakhand — alpine, bhabhar, sub- mountainous, mountainous, tertiary, loam, terai.

#revision_notes
#prelims
#environment

Join @CSE_EXAM ओपन / कमेंट

2021-04-26 09:20:00 National Marine Turtle Action Plan

Why news

The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has released ‘Marine Mega Fauna Stranding Guidelines’ and ‘National Marine Turtle Action Plan’.

The documents contain ways and means to guide improved coordination amongst the government, civil society, and all relevant stakeholders on the response to cases of stranding, entanglement, injury or mortality of marine mammals, and also conservation of marine turtles.

These two documents highlight:

1. actions to be taken for handling stranded animals on the shore, stranded or entangled animals in the sea or on a boat,
2. management actions for improved coordination,
3. reducing threats to marine species and their habitats,
4. rehabilitation of degraded habitats,
5. enhancing people’s participation,
6. advance scientific research and exchange of information on marine mammals and marine turtles and their habitats.

Status of turtles in India

Five species of Indian turtles along with their IUCN status are as follows:
1. Olive Ridley – Vulnerable
2. Green turtle – Endangered
3. Loggerhead – Vulnerable
4. Hawksbill – Critically Endangered
5. Leather back – Vulnerable
They are protected in Indian Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, under Schedule I.
They are also protected under the Biodiversity Conservation and Ganga Rejuvenation programme.

#revision_notes
#prelims
#environment

Join @CSE_EXAM ओपन / कमेंट

2021-04-25 15:31:01 Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316 CE):

Was appointed as Amir-i-Tuzuk (Master of Ceremonies) and Ariz-i-Mumalik (Minister of Law) by Jalauddin Khalji.
Jalauddin’s policy of tolerance was reversed by Alauddin Khalji; awarded harsh punishment who opposed him.
To keep hold on nobles –He prohibited to hold festivals, marriage without permission of him, banned wines & intoxicants to avoid social gathering, reorganized spy services (Barids).
He was first sultan who separated religion from politics. He proclaimed “Kingship knows no kinship”.
Barani wrote book ‘Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi.
Patronized poets like-Amir Khusrau and Mir Hasan Dehlv.
Though Aladuddin was illiterate, he adopted the title of Sikander-i-Azam and gave Amir Khusrau the title of Tuti-i-Hind (Parrot of India).
He defeated Mongols in the battles of Jalandhar (1298), Kili (1299), Amroha (1305) and Ravi (1306).
Malik Kafur was his slave – general. he led a series of expeditions in the southern part of India, against the Yadavas (1308), Kakatiyas (1310), Hoysalas (1311) etc.
Amir Khusrau’s Khazain-ul-Futuh speaks about Alauddin’s conquests.
In 1303, Allauddin defeated Raja Ratan Singh of Chittor, including Rani Padmini other Rajput women performed Jauhar (self-immolation) which is written in the book 'Padmavath' by Jayasi.

#revision_notes
#history
#Medieval_History
#Delhi_sultanate
#prelims

Join @CSE_EXAM ओपन / कमेंट

2021-04-25 05:33:08 KHALJI DYNASTY (1290-1320AD)

Khalji nobles headed by Jalaldduin, overthrew the incompetent successors of Balban in 1290 & Est. Khalji
dynasty.
This event is called ‘Dynastic Revolution’ of 1290.

Jalauddin Khalji (1290-1296 CE):

1st sultan of Delhi Sultanate to have a benevolent attitude towards Hindus.
He stated State should be based on the willing support of the governed and as majority of population was Hindu, state cannot become a truly Islamic.
Adopted the policy of tolerance and tried to win goodwill of the nobility.
Was murdered by his son-in-law Alauddin Khalji in 1296 and usurped throne.

#revision_notes
#history
#Medieval_History
#Delhi_sultanate
#prelims

Join @CSE_EXAM ओपन / कमेंट

2021-04-25 05:22:18 Madhya Pradesh’s Gwalior, Orchha on UNESCO World Heritage Cities List

Context: Gwalior and Orchha in Madhya Pradesh have been included in the list of UNESCO’s world heritage cities under its urban landscape city programme.

Gwalior

Gwalior was established in the 9th century and ruled by GurjarPratiharRajvansh, Tomar, BaghelKachvaho and Scindias.
The memorabilia left by them are found in abundance in memorials, forts and palaces in the area.
Gwalior is known for its palaces and temples, including the intricately carved SasBahuKaMandir temple.
The Gwalior Fort occupies a sandstone plateau overlooking the city and is accessed via a winding road lined with sacred Jain statues.
Within the forts, high walls are the 15th-century GujariMahal Palace, now an archaeological museum.

Orchha

Orchha is popular for its temples and palaces and was the capital of the Bundela kingdom in the 16th century.
The famous spots in the town are Raj Mahal, JehangirMahal, Ramraja Temple, Rai Praveen Mahal,
and Laxminarayan Mandir.
After inclusion in the World Heritage City list, chemical treatment of historic spots like Mansingh Palace, GujriMahal and Sahastrabahu Temple will be done so that art inscribed on them will become more visible.
‘Historic Urban Landscape’ based planning by UNESCO
UNESCO defi nes HUL as an integrated approach towards managing heritage resources found within dynamic and evolving environments.
HUL acknowledges the interconnections within a city, which occur between the built and natural environments, the tangible and intangible values, as well as within the cultural and social practices of a community.
The approach considers these factors as key pillars towards sustainable urban heritage management and the development of the city.

Which Indian cities are under HUL?

Gwalior and Orchha are among the few ciƟ es of India selected for the ambiƟ ous project.
Before this, Varanasi, Ajmer-Pushkar and Hyderabad were included among the pilot ciƟ es for HUL recommendaƟ on based planning in the year 2015.

#revision_notes
#prelims
#art_and_culture

Join @CSE_exam ओपन / कमेंट

2021-04-23 17:31:01 About Taiwan and One China Policy

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC) was formed in 1949.
In 1949 Chinese Communist Party armies defeated Nationalist forces (Kuomintang party) and established People’s Republic of China (Present China).
Nationalist forces fled to Taiwan resulting in the separation of Taiwan from China in 1949 and formation of ROC.
Both sides said they represented all of China.
Initially, many governments including US recognised Taiwan separately. But with shift of diplomatic relation the
US held One China policy.
According to One China Policy any country wishing to establish diplomatic relations with China (PRC) must acknowledge there is only ‘One China’ and sever all formal ties with Taiwan.
Taiwan is not a member of the United Nations and WHO. Butis member of WTO by name Chinese Taipei (Taiwan).
179 of the 193 member states of UN do not maintain diplomatic ties with Taiwan.

#revision_notes
#prelims
#IR

Join @CSE_EXAM ओपन / कमेंट

2021-04-23 17:31:01 India’s Act East Policy (AEP) and Taiwan’s New Southbound Policy (NSP)

Taiwan’s export-oriented economy and interest in diversifying traditional targets of investment make it a natural collaborator for India under AEP.
Taiwan launched NSP in 2016 to mark third phase of the 1994 Go South Policy. It aims to reinvigorate and expand Taiwan’s ties with South and Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand and move away from China.
While India was not central to the first two phases of Taiwan’s Go South Policy, it has now become an integral part of NSP.

#revision_notes
#prelims
#IR

Join @CSE_EXAM ओपन / कमेंट

2021-04-23 15:30:02 INDIA-TAIWAN

Why in news?

Two Indian MPs, for the first time virtually attended the swearing-in ceremony of newly elected President of Taiwan.

India -Taiwan relations

Background

Post-independence, bilateral ties between India and Taiwan ceased to exist when in 1950 India accorded diplomatic recognition to People’s Republic of China (PRC).
Further, during Cold War, even informal ties between New Delhi and Taiwan remained remote, as Taiwan joined the US-led block and India the non-aligned movement.
This changed in the 1990s when Indian Government reoriented India’s policy towards Taiwan in the face of India’s domestic economic crises and foreign policy challenges.
India and Taiwan set up unofficial relations in 1995 with establishment of the India-Taipei Association
(ITA) in Taipei (Capital of Taiwan).
Also, Taipei Economic and Cultural Centre (TECC), founded in 1995, is Taiwan government's representative office in India. It is responsible for promoting bilateral relations in the areas of economy, trade, investment, media, tourism, culture etc.
However, India does not have
any official diplomatic relations with Taiwan and nor does it recognise Taiwan as independent country.

#revision_notes
#prelims
#IR

Join @CSE_EXAM ओपन / कमेंट