Upsc geography

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2021-08-06 09:30:03 ■ SUB TROPICAL DRY EVERGREEN FORESTS.

#Natutalvegetation

□ DISTRIBUTION.

◇ Found in the Bhabar, the Shiwaliks and the western Himalayas up to about 1000 metres above sea level.

□ CLIMATIC CONDITION.

◇ Annual rainfall is 50-100 cm (15 to 25 cm in December-March).

◇ The summers are sufficiently hot, and winters are very cold.

□ CHARACTERSTICS

◇ Low scrub forest with small evergreen stunted trees and shrubs.

◇ Olive, acacia modesta and pistacia are the most predominant species.

︎SOURCE -D.R.KHULLAR, CHAPTER 7. ओपन / कमेंट

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2021-08-03 19:13:02 ■ SUB TROPICAL MOIST PINE FORESTS.

#Naturalvegetation

◇ Distribution - Western Himalayas between 73°E and 88°E longitudes at elevations between 1000 to 2000 metres above sea level.

◇ Some hilly regions of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Naga Hills and Khasi Hills.

◇ Chir or Chil is the most dominant tree which forms pure stands.

◇ It provides valuable timber for furniture, boxes and buildings.

◇ It is also used for producing resin and turpentine.

︎SOURCE - D.R.KHULLAR, CHAPTER - 7. ओपन / कमेंट

2021-08-02 18:40:10 ■ SUB TROPICAL BROAD LEAF HILL FORESTS.

#Naturalvegetation

□ CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.

◇ Mean annual rainfall is 75 cm to 125 cm.

◇ Average annual temperature is 18-21 °C.

□ DISTRIBUTION.

◇ Eastern Himalayas to the east of 88°E longitude at altitudes varying from 1000 to 2000 m.

□ CHARACTERSTICS

◇ Forests of evergreen species.

◇ Commonly found species are evergreen oaks, chestnuts, ash, beech, sals and pines.

◇ Climbers and epiphytes (a plant that grows non-parasitically on a tree or other plant) are common.

◇ These forests are not so distinct in the southern parts of the country. They occur only in the Nilgiri and Palni hills at 1070-1525 metres above sea level.

◇ It is a "stunted rain-forest" and is not so luxuriant as the true tropical evergreen.

◇ The higher parts of the Western Ghats such as Mahabaleshwar, the summits of the Satpura and the Maikal Range, highlands of Bastar and Mt. Abu in the Aravalli Range carry sub-types of these forests.

︎SOURCE - D.R.KHULLAR. [ CHAPTER 7] ओपन / कमेंट

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2021-07-31 18:30:05 ■ TROPICAL THORN FORESTS.

#Naturalvegetation

□ CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.

◇ Annual rainfall less than 75 cm.

◇ Humidity is less than 50 per cent.

◇ The mean temperature is 25-30 °C.

□ CHARACTERSTICS :-

◇ The trees are low and widely scattered.

◇ Acacias and Euphorbias are very prominent.

◇ The Indian wild date is common. Some grasses also grow in the rainy season.

□ DISTRIBUTION :-

◇ Rajasthan, south-western Punjab, western Haryana, Kutch and neighbouring parts of Saurashtra.

◇ Here they degenerate into desert type in the Thar desert.

◇ Such forests also grow on the leeside of the Western Ghats covering large areas of Maharashtra (Vidarbha), Karnataka (Hyderabad-Karnataka), Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.

◇ The important species are neem, babul, cacti, etc

︎SOURCE - D.R.KHULLAR. [Chapter - 7] ओपन / कमेंट

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