⟨⟨ THERMODYNAMICS : BASIC TERMINOLOGY ⟩⟩ ✰ System - Part | livedaily.me/jee-neet

⟨⟨ THERMODYNAMICS : BASIC TERMINOLOGY ⟩⟩


✰ System -

Part of the universe under investigation.

✰ Open System -

A system which can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings.

✰ Closed System -

A system which permits passage of energy but not mass, across its boundary.

✰ Isolated system -

A system which can neither exchange energy nor matter with its surrounding.

✰ Surroundings -

Part of the universe other than system, which can interact with it.

✰ Boundary -

Anything which separates system from surrounding.

✰ State variables -

The variables which are required to be defined in order to define state of any system i.e. pressure, volume, mass, temperature, surface area, etc.

✰ State Functions -

Property of system which depend only on the state of the system and not on the path. Example: Pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy etc.

✰ Intensive properties -

Properties of a system which do not depend on mass of the system i.e. temperature, pressure, density, concentration,

✰ Extensive properties -

Properties of a system which depend on mass of the system i.e. volume, energy, enthalpy, entropy etc.

✰ Process -

Path along which state of a system changes.

✰ Isothermal process -

Process which takes place at constant temperature

✰ Isobaric process -

Process which takes place at constant pressure

✰ Isochoric process -

Process which takes place at constant volume.

✰ Adiabatic process -

Process during which transfer of heat cannot take place between system and surrounding.

✰ Cyclic process -

Process in which system comes back to its initial state after undergoing series of changes.

✰ Reversible process -

Process during which the system always departs infinitesimally from the state of equilibrium i.e. its direction can be reversed at any moment.

✰ Irriversible Process -

This type of process is fast and gets completed in a single step. This process cannot be reversed. All the natural processes are of this type.

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