2022-07-04 21:43:09
⟨⟨ THERMODYNAMICS : BASIC TERMINOLOGY ⟩⟩ ✰ System -
Part of the universe under investigation.
✰ Open System -
A system which can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings.
✰ Closed System -
A system which permits passage of energy but not mass, across its boundary.
✰ Isolated system -
A system which can neither exchange energy nor matter with its surrounding.
✰ Surroundings -
Part of the universe other than system, which can interact with it.
✰ Boundary -
Anything which separates system from surrounding.
✰ State variables -
The variables which are required to be defined in order to define state of any system i.e. pressure, volume, mass, temperature, surface area, etc.
✰ State Functions -
Property of system which depend only on the state of the system and not on the path. Example: Pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy etc.
✰ Intensive properties -
Properties of a system which do not depend on mass of the system i.e. temperature, pressure, density, concentration,
✰ Extensive properties -
Properties of a system which depend on mass of the system i.e. volume, energy, enthalpy, entropy etc.
✰ Process - Path along which state of a system changes.
✰ Isothermal process -
Process which takes place at constant temperature
✰ Isobaric process - Process which takes place at constant pressure
✰ Isochoric process - Process which takes place at constant volume.
✰ Adiabatic process - Process during which transfer of heat cannot take place between system and surrounding.
✰ Cyclic process -
Process in which system comes back to its initial state after undergoing series of changes.
✰ Reversible process -
Process during which the system always departs infinitesimally from the state of equilibrium i.e. its direction can be reversed at any moment.
✰ Irriversible Process -
This type of process is fast and gets completed in a single step. This process cannot be reversed. All the natural processes are of this type.
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