International organisations

2023-02-07 13:34:33 Structure of ICJ

The Court is composed of 15 judges, who are elected for terms of office of nine years by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council. These organs vote simultaneously but separately.
In order to be elected, a candidate must receive an absolute majority of the votes in both bodies.

In order to ensure a measure of continuity, one third of the Court is elected every three years and Judges are eligible for re-election.

ICJ is assisted by a Registry, its administrative organ. Its official languages are English and French.

The 15 judges of the Court are distributed in following regions:
Three from Africa.
Two from Latin America and Caribbean.
Three from Asia.
Five from Western Europe and other states.
Two from Eastern Europe.

Unlike other organs of international organizations, the Court is not composed of representatives of governments.

Members of the Court are independent judges whose first task, before taking up their duties, is to make a solemn declaration in open court that they will exercise their powers impartially and conscientiously.

In order to guarantee his or her independence, no Member of the Court can be dismissed unless, in the unanimous opinion of the other Members, he/she no longer fulfils the required conditions. This has in fact never happened. ओपन / कमेंट

2023-02-07 13:32:31 International Court of Justice (ICJ)

ICJ was established in 1945 by the United Nations charter and started working in April 1946.

It is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, situated at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands).

Unlike the six principal organs of the United Nations, it is the only one not located in New York (USA).

It settles legal disputes between States and gives advisory opinions in accordance with international law, on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.

It has 193 state parties and current President is Joan E. Donoghue. ओपन / कमेंट

2023-01-31 06:43:57 Asian Pacific Postal Union (APPU)

India to take over leadership of APPU

India will take over the leadership of the Asian Pacific Postal Union from January 2023.

APPU is the only Restricted Union of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) in the region, which is a specialised agency of the United Nations.

Dr. Vinaya Prakash Singh will take over the charge of Secretary General of the Union for a tenure of 4 years.

This is the first time an Indian is leading an international organisation in the postal sector.

Asian Pacific Postal Union (APPU) is an intergovernmental organisation of 32 member countries of the Asian-Pacific region.

It is based in Bangkok, Thailand.

APPU aims to extend, facilitate and improve postal relations between the member countries and promote cooperation in the field of postal services.

APPU is made up of three bodies namely, Congress, Executive Council and APPU Bureau.

The Secretary-General leads the activities of the Union and is also the Director of the Asian Pacific Postal College (APPC) which is the largest intergovernmental postal training institute in the region. ओपन / कमेंट

2023-01-30 09:54:13 What is the Objective of UNFCCC

According to Article 2, the Convention’s ultimate objective is “to achieve, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”.

This objective is qualified in that it “should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change

to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner” ओपन / कमेंट

2023-01-30 09:50:21 UNFCCC

The UNFCCC secretariat (UN Climate Change) is the United Nations entity tasked with supporting the global response to the threat of climate change. UNFCCC stands for United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

Where did it Originate?

The UNFCCC, signed in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development also known as the Earth Summit, the Rio Summit or the Rio Conference
The UNFCCC entered into force on March 21, 1994.

The Convention has near universal membership (197 Parties) and is the parent treaty of the  2015 Paris Agreement

The original secretariat was in Geneva. Since 1996, the secretariat has been located in Bonn, Germany ओपन / कमेंट

2023-01-29 05:52:01 Core Conventions of the ILO

The eight fundamental conventions form an integral part of the United Nations Human Rights Framework, and their ratification is an important sign of member States’ commitment to human rights.

Overall, 135 member States have ratified all eight fundamental conventions.

Unfortunately, 48 member states (out of 183 member States), including member states with the highest populations, have yet to complete ratification of all eight conventions.

The eight-core conventions of the ILO are:

Forced Labour Convention (No. 29)

Abolition of Forced Labour Convention (No.105)

Equal Remuneration Convention (No.100)

Discrimination (Employment Occupation) Convention (No.111)

Minimum Age Convention (No.138)

Worst forms of Child Labour Convention (No.182)

Freedom of Association and Protection of Right to Organised Convention (No.87)

Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention (No.98)

The eight conventions, taken together, are more relevant today in the face of global economic and other challenges impinging on the welfare and livelihood of workers in all regions.

Indeed, they are part and parcel of the overarching architecture for the universality of human rights, offering protection to all, and responding closely to the quest for social justice in a globalized setting.

They are catalytic to the UN system, the international community and local communities as a whole. ओपन / कमेंट

2023-01-28 16:50:12 Functions of the ILO

Creation of coordinated policies and programs, directed at solving social and labour issues.

Adoption of international labour standards in the form of conventions and recommendations and control over their implementation.

Assistance to member-states in solving social and labour problems.

Human rights protection (the right to work, freedom of association, collective negotiations, protection against forced labour, protection against discrimination, etc.).

Research and publication of works on social and labour issues. ओपन / कमेंट

2023-01-28 13:48:22 International Labour Organization

International Labour Organization (ILO) is the only tripartite U.N. agency, since 1919.

 It brings together governments, employers and workers of 187 member States, to set labour standards, develop policies and devise programmes promoting decent work for all women and men.

History behind the Establishment

Established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles as an affiliated agency of the League of Nations.

Became the first affiliated specialized agency of the United Nations in 1946.

Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland

Founding Mission: social justice is essential to universal and lasting peace.

Promotes internationally recognized human and labour rights.
Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969.

For improving peace among classes

Pursuing decent work and justice for workers

Providing technical assistance to other developing nations

The organization has played a key role in Ensuring labour rights during the Great Depression

Decolonization process
The creation of Solidarność ( trade union) in Poland

The victory over apartheid in South Africa

Today it is providing substantial support in the building of an ethical and productive framework for fair globalization. ओपन / कमेंट

2023-01-27 19:31:03 International Solar Alliance (ISA)

is an action-oriented, member-driven, collaborative platform for increased deployment of  solar Energy technologies.

Its basic motive is to facilitate energy access, ensure energy security, and drive energy transition in its member countries.

The ISA was conceived as a joint effort by India and France to mobilize efforts against  climate change through deployment of solar energy solutions.

Vision:
Let us together make the sun brighter.

Mission:
Every home, no matter how far away, will have a light at home.

Headquarters:
The Headquarters is in India with its Interim Secretariat being set up in Gurugram.

Member Nations:
A total of 106 countries have signed the ISA Framework Agreement.
Out of 106 nations, 86 have signed and ratified the ISA Framework Agreement.

All member states of the United Nations are eligible to join the ISA.
Observer Status to International Solar Alliance:

The  United Nations general assembly has granted Observer Status to the International Solar Alliance (ISA).

It will help provide for regular and well-defined cooperation between the Alliance and the United Nations that would benefit global energy growth and development. ओपन / कमेंट

2023-01-26 08:10:45 United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 

is a special program of the United Nations (UN) devoted to aiding national efforts to improve the health, nutrition, education, and general welfare of children.

What is the History behind the Creation of UNICEF?

UNICEF was created in 1946 as International Children’s Emergency Fund (ICEF) by UN relief Rehabilitation Administration to help children affected by World War II.
UNICEF became a permanent part of the United Nations in 1953.

The name was shortened to United Nations Children Fund but it is still referred to as UNICEF.

It is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to advocate for the protection of children's rights, to help meet their basic needs and to expand their opportunities to reach their full potential.

UNICEF is guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989.

It strives to establish children's rights as enduring ethical principles and international standards of behaviour towards children.

Awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1965 for “promotion of brotherhood among the nations”.
Headquarters: New York City.
It works in over 190 countries and territories with 7 regional offices. ओपन / कमेंट