International organisations

2023-04-29 05:44:10 WIPO

World Intellectual Property Day is observed annually on April 26 to raise awareness about the importance of intellectual property (IP) rights in fostering innovation & creativity.

About World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)
- The WIPO is the global forum for intellectual property (IP) services, policy, information & cooperation.
- It is a self-funding agency of the United Nations, with 193 member states.


HISTORY OF WIPO

1883 – Paris Convention
- This international agreement is the 1st major step taken to help creators ensure that their intellectual works are protected in other countries.

1886 – Berne Convention
- The aim is to give creators the right to control & receive payment for their creative works on an international level.


1891 – Madrid Agreement
- With the adoption of the Madrid Agreement, the first international IP filing service was launched: the Madrid System for the international registration of marks.


1893 – BIRPI established
- The two secretariats set up to administer the Paris and Berne Conventions combine to form WIPO's immediate predecessor, the United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI).


1970 – BIRPI becomes WIPO
- The Convention establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) came into force and BIRPI was thus transformed to become WIPO.


1974 – WIPO joins the UN
- WIPO joins the United Nations (UN) family of organizations, becoming a specialized agency of the UN.


1978 – PCT System launched
- The PCT international patent system begins operation. The PCT expands rapidly to become WIPO's largest international IP filing system today.

1994 – AMC established
- The WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center was established for offering alternative dispute resolution services to help solve international commercial disputes between private parties.

1998 – WIPO Academy opens its doors
- The WIPO Academy was established to provide general and specialized courses on IP.

2007 – WIPO Development Agenda adopted
- WIPO formally adopts its Development Agenda, with the aim of ensuring that development issues are taken into consideration throughout the Organization's work. ओपन / कमेंट

2023-04-10 17:07:07 World Health Organization

United Nations’ specialized agency for Health was founded in 1948.
Its headquarters are situated in Geneva, Switzerland.

There are 194 Member States, 150 country offices, six regional offices.

It is an inter-governmental organization and works in collaboration with its member states usually through the Ministries of Health.

Objectives:

To act as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work.

To establish and maintain effective collaboration with the United Nations, specialized agencies, governmental health administrations, professional groups and such other organizations as may be deemed appropriate.

To provide assistance to the Governments, upon request, in strengthening health services.

To promote cooperation among scientific and professional groups which contribute to the advancement of health.
Governance:

World Health Assembly (WHA)
WHA is WHO’s decision-making body attended by delegations from all of WHO’s member states,
It is held yearly at Geneva, Switzerland.

Specific health agenda prepared by the Executive Board remains the focus of this assembly. ओपन / कमेंट

2023-03-29 04:19:56 International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature

Founded in 1895, ICZN is tasked to create, publish and periodically revise the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

It provides and regulates a uniform system of zoological nomenclature ensuring that every animal has a unique and universally accepted scientific name.

ICZN acts as adviser and arbiter for the zoological community by generating and disseminating information on the correct use of the scientific names of animals ओपन / कमेंट

2023-03-27 09:29:51 Peace keeping forces
The first time UN Peacekeeping Forces were first deployed in 1948 when the UN Security Council authorized the deployment of UN military observers to the Middle East.

Three basic principles of UNPKF:

Consent of the parties:
UN peacekeeping operations are deployed with the consent of the main parties to the conflict. This requires a commitment by the parties to a political process.

Impartiality:
United Nations peacekeepers should be impartial in their dealings with the parties to the conflict, but not neutral in the execution of their mandate.

Non-use of force except in self-defense and defence of the mandate ओपन / कमेंट

2023-03-13 05:50:52 IBSA Forum

The IBSA is a trilateral, developmental initiative between India, Brazil and South Africa to promote south south cooperation and exchange.

Formation:

The grouping was formalised and named the IBSA Dialogue Forum when the Foreign Ministers of the three countries met in Brasilia (Brazil) on 6th June 2003 and issued the  Brasilia Declaration . ओपन / कमेंट

2023-02-24 08:22:01 UN CSocD

UN Commission for Social Development (CSocD) (est. 1946, HQ: New York) is one of the 9 functional commissions of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).

It advises ECOSOC on social policies.

It follows up with the implementation of the Copenhagen Declaration and Programme of Action (1995)

At World Summit for Social Development (Copenhagen) Governments reached a new consensus on the need to put people at the centre of development
 
About ECOSOC

It is one of the 6 principal organs of the United Nations, established in 1945.

It is responsible for coordinating the economic and social fields of the organization. It has 54 members. ओपन / कमेंट

2023-02-23 07:54:52 TRAFFIC

• Trade Records Analysis of Flora and Fauna in Commerce (TRAFFIC) is a global non-governmental organisation monitoring the trade in wild animals and plants with focus on biodiversity and sustainable development.

• It provides trade information and expert analysis to the decision-making process at CITES to ensure that international trade in wildlife remains at sustainable levels. ओपन / कमेंट

2023-02-22 16:14:33 What is the New START

Officially, the Treaty between the USA and the Russian Federation on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, entered into force on February 5

It placed new verifiable limits (to be met by 2018) on intercontinental-range nuclear weapons. For example, 700 deployed ICBMs, deployed SLBMs (submarine-launched) and deployed heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments, etc.

The US and Russian Federation subsequently agreed to extend the treaty through February 4, 2026. ओपन / कमेंट

2023-02-19 06:31:12 UNCLOS

The UNCLOS, 1982 is an international agreement that establishes the legal framework for marine and maritime activities.

It is also known as Law of the Sea. It divides marine areas into five main zones namely- Internal Waters, Territorial Sea, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and the High Seas.

It is the only international convention which stipulates a framework for state jurisdiction in maritime spaces.

 It provides a different legal status to different maritime zones.

It provides the backbone for offshore governance by coastal states and those navigating the oceans.

It not only zones coastal states’ offshore areas but also provides specific guidance for states’ rights and responsibilities in the five concentric zones. ओपन / कमेंट

2023-02-10 13:42:41 TRAFFIC

The TRAFFIC, the Wildlife Trade Monitoring Network, is a leading non-governmental organisation working on wildlife trade in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development.

It is a joint program of World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

It aims to ensure that trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of nature.

It was established in 1976 and has developed into a global network, research-driven and action-oriented, committed to delivering innovative and practical conservation solutions.

Headquarters: Cambridge, United Kingdom Illegal wildlife trade is one of the main reasons that many species are endangered. ओपन / कमेंट