MukeshRishit's English Lit & Language

2022-12-13 08:09:33 15 All Time Great Novels Series -1
"Frankenstein" is a novel by Mary Shelley, first published in 1818. The novel tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a grotesque, sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment. The creature, rejected by society and unable to find acceptance, ultimately seeks revenge on its creator.

The story begins with a series of letters from Robert Walton, an Arctic explorer, to his sister in England. In the letters, Walton describes his failed attempts to reach the North Pole and his encounter with Victor Frankenstein. Frankenstein, who has been traveling by dog sled across the ice, is near death when Walton's crew finds him.

Walton takes Frankenstein aboard his ship and nurses him back to health. During this time, Frankenstein tells Walton the story of how he became a scientist and how he came to create the creature.

As a young man, Frankenstein is obsessed with the idea of discovering the secret of life and creating a being from dead tissue. Against the advice of his professors, he begins conducting dangerous experiments in secret, eventually succeeding in animating a creature made from the body parts of various corpses.

Initially, Frankenstein is delighted with his creation and spends time teaching the creature to speak and read. However, when he sees the creature's hideous appearance, he recoils in disgust and abandons it.

The creature, alone and rejected by society, is forced to fend for itself. It learns to survive by observing humans and reading their books, but it is constantly shunned and mistreated because of its appearance. It becomes bitter and resentful towards Frankenstein and humanity as a whole.

Eventually, the creature confronts Frankenstein and demands that he create a companion for it. Frankenstein initially agrees, but he destroys the companion out of fear and disgust. The creature, enraged by this betrayal, vows to destroy everything that Frankenstein holds dear in revenge.

The creature carries out its threat, killing Frankenstein's closest friends and family members. In the end, Frankenstein, consumed by grief and guilt, pursues the creature to the Arctic, where he dies. The creature, realizing the futility of its actions, disappears into the wilderness. ओपन / कमेंट

2022-12-13 08:04:49 The School for Scandal is a comedy of manners written by Richard Sheridan and first performed in London in 1777. The play centers around the antics of two wealthy brothers, Joseph and Charles Surface, who are both in love with the same woman, Maria. However, the brothers have very different personalities: Joseph is virtuous and sincere, while Charles is a manipulative schemer. The play follows the various schemes and intrigues that Charles employs in an attempt to win Maria's hand, including spreading rumors and gossip about Joseph. In the end, Charles's machinations are revealed and he is publicly humiliated, while Joseph and Maria are happily united. The play is known for its sharp wit and satirical portrayal of society's obsession with gossip and scandal. ओपन / कमेंट

2022-12-13 08:01:11 The Spanish Tragedy is a play about revenge and tragedy. It tells the story of a man named Hieronimo, who is the viceroy of Spain. His son, Horatio, is killed by two men named Balthazar and Lorenzo, who are seeking to win the hand of Hieronimo's daughter, Bel-Imperia. Hieronimo is consumed by grief and seeks revenge for his son's murder.

The play begins with a prologue in which the Chorus introduces the characters and the setting of the play. We learn that there is a war going on between Spain and Portugal, and that Hieronimo is the viceroy of Spain.

The first act opens with a scene in which Balthazar and Lorenzo discuss their plans to kill Horatio in order to win the hand of Bel-Imperia. They are aided in their plan by a courtier named Don Andrea.

In the second act, we see Hieronimo grieving over the death of his son. He is visited by a ghost, who reveals to him the identity of Horatio's killers and urges him to seek revenge. Hieronimo is initially hesitant, but ultimately decides to take action.

In the third act, we see Hieronimo plotting his revenge. He pretends to be mad and puts on a play in which the murder of Horatio is reenacted. At the end of the play, Hieronimo reveals the identities of the murderers and kills them in front of the court.

In the final act, we see Hieronimo's plan come to fruition and the murderers receive their just punishment. The play ends with the Chorus reflecting on the tragedy of the events and urging the audience to learn from Hieronimo's example. ओपन / कमेंट

2022-12-13 07:05:37 A mock-epic, also known as a mock-heroic, is a type of poem that uses the conventions and techniques of epic poetry to satirize or ridicule a subject. Mock-epics often use epic conventions, such as the use of heroic language and imagery, to highlight the absurdity or incongruity of the subject being satirized. For example, a mock-epic might use the grand, sweeping language of an epic to describe something trivial or mundane, such as a trip to the grocery store.

Some examples of mock-epics include Alexander Pope's "The Rape of the Lock" and John Dryden's "MacFlecknoe". In "The Rape of the Lock", Pope uses the epic conventions of the supernatural and the intervention of gods and goddesses to satirize the petty squabbles of a group of fashionable society people. In "MacFlecknoe", Dryden uses the language and imagery of epic to satirize the pretensions of a minor poet. ओपन / कमेंट

2022-12-13 07:01:59 Epic poetry is a type of narrative poetry that tells the story of a hero's journey and the deeds they perform along the way. Epic poetry typically has the following characteristics:

It is a long, narrative poem that tells the story of a hero's journey.

It often contains elements of mythology and folklore.

It often focuses on the struggles and triumphs of a main character who embodies the values and ideals of the culture from which the epic originates.

It often includes supernatural or divine beings who intervene in the hero's journey.

It often includes long lists or catalogues of people, places, or things.

It often uses elevated language and grand, sweeping imagery to depict the hero's deeds and the world in which they live.

It often employs a formal, repetitive structure, such as the use of repeated phrases or lines, to create a sense of order and ritual within the poem.

Here is a list of some of the most famous epics from various cultures and traditions around the world:

The "Iliad" and the "Odyssey" by Homer (Ancient Greek)
The "Mahabharata" and the "Ramayana" (Ancient Indian)
The "Beowulf" (Anglo-Saxon England)
The "Song of Roland" (Medieval French)
The "Shahnameh" (Persian)
The "Divine Comedy" by Dante Alighieri (Italian)
The "One Thousand and One Nights" (Arabic)
The "Edda" (Norse)
The "Epic of Gilgamesh" (Ancient Mesopotamian) ओपन / कमेंट

2022-12-13 06:57:18 A ballad is a type of poem or song that tells a story. It typically has a simple and repetitive structure, with verses that alternate between four-line stanzas (quatrains) and three-line stanzas (triplets). Ballads often have a strong narrative element, and they are often written in the form of a dialogue or a monologue.

Ballads have a long history, dating back to medieval times, when they were sung by bards and troubadours. They were popular among the common people, who would often learn and recite ballads as a form of entertainment. In modern times, ballads are still popular and are often used in folk music and popular music.

Here are some examples of ballads:

"Scarborough Fair" is a traditional English ballad that tells the story of a young man who is trying to win the love of a fair maiden.

"The Lady of Shalott" is a poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson that tells the story of a young woman who is cursed to live in a tower, where she is only allowed to see the world through a mirror.

"The Ballad of John and Yoko" is a song by The Beatles that tells the story of John Lennon and Yoko Ono's relationship and their activism for peace.

"The Ballad of Reading Gaol" is a poem by Oscar Wilde that tells the story of a man who is imprisoned for murder and reflects on the harsh conditions of the prison. ओपन / कमेंट

2022-12-13 06:51:51 Modernism in literature refers to a movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by a self-conscious break with traditional ways of writing, in both poetry and prose fiction. Writing that is considered "modernist" is often characterized by a high degree of experimentation and a focus on the individual experience of the protagonist, as well as a sense of disillusionment and alienation from the broader society. Modernist writers often sought to challenge the conventions of narrative structure and to redefine the role of the author, as well as to explore the psychological and emotional lives of their characters. Some of the most notable modernist writers include James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and T.S. Eliot. ओपन / कमेंट

2022-12-12 16:57:42 An ode is a type of poem that is typically written to praise or honor a person, place, or thing. Odes often have a formal and serious tone, and they are usually written in a way that is meant to be lofty and elevated. There are several different types of odes, including Pindaric, Horatian, and Irregular.


Pindaric odes are named after the ancient Greek poet Pindar, who is credited with developing this type of ode. Pindaric odes are typically written in three parts, with the first part (the strophe) consisting of a series of lines that are repeated in the second part (the antistrophe). The final part (the epode) is typically written in a different meter from the first two parts.

Horatian odes, named after the Roman poet Horace, are typically shorter and less formal than Pindaric odes. They often have a light and playful tone, and they are often written to praise or celebrate something.

Irregular odes do not follow a specific structure or form, and they are often written in a more free-form style. These odes can be written on any subject, and they often have a more personal and intimate tone than other types of odes. ओपन / कमेंट

2022-12-12 16:41:06 T. S. Eliot's Wasteland
T.S. Eliot's "The Waste Land" is a poem that reflects on the state of society following World War I. The poem is set in a bleak, desolate landscape and explores themes of disillusionment, isolation, and meaninglessness. The poem is divided into five sections, each of which focuses on a different aspect of this desolate world.

In the first section, "The Burial of the Dead," the speaker mourns the loss of the past and longs for a return to a time when things were more vibrant and alive. The second section, "A Game of Chess," presents a series of vignettes that illustrate the ways in which people try to find meaning and connection in their lives, but ultimately fail.

The third section, "The Fire Sermon," explores the theme of sexual desire and its destructive power, as the speaker warns against the dangers of lust. The fourth section, "Death by Water," presents the story of a drowned sailor, who serves as a symbol of the futility of human endeavors.

Finally, in the last section, "What the Thunder Said," the speaker hears the voice of the thunder and is given a vision of a potential future in which humanity is able to transcend its current state of despair and find a new, more hopeful way of living. Overall, "The Waste Land" is a deeply pessimistic poem that challenges readers to confront the emptiness and meaninglessness of modern life. ओपन / कमेंट

2022-12-12 16:33:39 Neo-classicism
Neoclassicism in literature was a movement that sought to revive the classical ideals of ancient Greece and Rome. It was particularly popular in the 18th and 19th centuries, and was characterized by a focus on reason, clarity, and precision, as well as a reverence for the classical past. Neoclassical writers often sought to emulate the style and form of ancient Greek and Latin literature, and their work often featured heroes who were rational, honorable, and courageous. Some notable neoclassical writers include Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, etc. ओपन / कमेंट