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2022-05-01 15:52:01 Latest, Important and Funny Tricks for All

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GS is made Easy with Funny Tricks ओपन / कमेंट

2022-05-01 13:28:50 ECONOMICS CH 7 POPULATION

• POPULATION EXPLOSION
- Death rate has fallen rapidly and not the birth rate to that extent which results in rise in population known as population explosion.
- 1931 to 2011 continuous rise in population.
- population = 36.1 crores in 1931 and 121.02 crores in 2011.
- 2.5% annual growth rate.
- 1970 is population explosion year.
- First population census in 1871 with initiative of Jamshedji Tata.
- First systematic census conducted in 1891.
- First census of independent India in 1951.
• SIZE AND GROWTH RATE OF INDIA'S POPULATION.
- Slow growth during 1901-1921 i.e 0.57%
- 1911-1921 decrease in population -0.03 due to diseases like maleria, plague etc
- 1921 is year of great divide.
- Population increases by 170 lakhs (Australia) every year.
• GENDER RATIO
- no. Of females per 1000 males.
- Kerala 1084 & Haryana 879.
- Reasons of low women : Due to not giving attention to nutrition, health, education and overall upbringing of daughters.
- Dowry system, early marriage, frequent child birth leads high death of women.
• RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION
- Urban Rural population influenced by employment, education, health, social life, quality of life, economic growth, electricity, schools, colleges, medical treatment, etc
- Urban population= 2.6 crore in 1901 rose to 38 crore in 2011.
- rural population=21.2 crore to 83.02 crore.
• BIRTH RATE
- no. of children born every 1000 children.
- Birth rate in 1951 is 39.9 & in 2011 is 21.8
• CAUSES OF HIGH BIRTH RATE
- social factor
- universality of marriage
- Early marriage & widow remarriage
- Preference for male child
- Joint family system
- Economic factor
- Low level of Education.
- Low income.
- High Infant mortality rate.
- other factor
- High fertility rate
- Lack of family education.
• DEATH RATE
- Deaths per 1000 persons.
- Death rate = 27.4 in 1951 & 7.1 in 2011.
• CAUSES OF HIGH DEATH RATE
- Improvement in standard of living
- control over Epidemics
- control on drought
- Protection against Natural calamities C transportation facilities.
• MEASURES TO CONTROL POPULATION
- Mass Education & awareness
- Electiveness of family planning Programme
- Increasing age of Marriage & Raising status of women
- Incentives and Dencentives
- Expansion in Medical services and its growing Effectiveness.
• INDIA IS THE FIRST COUNTRY TO INTRODUCE POPULATION POLICY 2000 UNDER THE CHAIRMANSHIP OF DR. M S SWAMINATHAN.

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2022-05-01 11:44:38 We have Created A Special Channel for UPSC Students

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2022-05-01 08:07:49 *What does a negative crude price mean??*

Before we understand this, let us first understand “future/forward contracts”. And please read line by line carefully.

Suppose the present price (as on 21st April 2020) of ‘ONIONS’ in the Delhi mandi is Rs. 30/kg. Now, if the trader feels that the price of onions will increase in the next one month, so he tried to make a deal with a farmer. The trader asked the farmer that you promise me that you will sell 1 Tonne of onions at Rs. 30/kg on 21st May 2020 (i.e. after 30 days). Suppose the farmer thinks that the prices of onions may fall after one month, so to protect himself, he may be willing to sign a deal with the trader, that he will supply 1 Tonne onion at Rs. 30/kg to the trader on 21st May 2020.

So, both of them signed a contract called ‘future contract’. In this contract it will be written that the farmer say (F) will deliver 1 Tonne onions to the trader (T) on 21st May 2020 and the trader will pay Rs. 30/kg * 1000kg = Rs. 30,000. And this ‘future contract’ paper the trader can keep with himself or is also traded on exchange.
Now suppose on 20th May, the onion prices in the physical market is high say Rs. 50/kg. But doesn’t matter, the trader T will be able to get onions from the farmer at Rs 30/kg (the next day on 21st May). Now if the trader T does not want onions because of some reason, then he can sell this ‘future contract’ paper to someone may be at Rs. 49000 (i.e. Rs. 49/kg) or Rs. 50,000 (Rs. 50/kg). (And we will say that onion futures are trading at Rs 50/kg). So, trading of this ‘future contract’ paper happens on the exchange and the price of the paper increases or decreases depending on the prices in the physical mandis. So, the price of the onion futures may have been around Rs. 30 on 21st April (as the physical mandi prices were Rs. 30/kg). But, by May 20, it may touch Rs. 50/kg, if the price of the onions increases in the physical mandis.

And many times, big onion consumers say big restaurants also purchases these onion futures from the exchange to protect themselves from the price fluctuation in onions.

Now replace the ‘onions’ with ‘crude oil’ and ‘restaurants’ with ‘airlines’

Airlines had purchased/signed ‘oil futures’ whose delivery date was ‘21st April’ or (22nd April). So, the airlines should pay the money and should take delivery of the ‘crude oil’. Now, flights have been stopped (due to COVID-19), so they don’t want to take the physical delivery of oil. And, if they want to sell this ‘oil future’ to some other trader/company, they also don’t want to purchase it as the demand for oil is very less and they don’t have any storage left to store physical crude. So, now what airlines (or anyone who was holding oil futures) are doing is that they are willing to sell this ‘oil future’ to someone at zero price (prices have come down to almost zero from whatever previous signed price). But no one is willing to purchase the ‘oil future’ (whose delivery date is 21st April) even at zero price because they will have to take the physical delivery of oil and they don’t have storage capacity (and u just can’t dump oil anywhere, green activists are watching ). So, the airlines (or any trader), is giving the ‘oil futures’ for free/zero price (whose delivery date is 21st April) PLUS some extra money say $2 per barrel. So, the news channel are reporting that ‘oil future’ have turned negative i.e. -$2/barrel. But the ‘oil futures’ is not negative whose delivery date is in future months say June 2020, because people expect that by that time LOCKDOWN will open.

(No need to go in operational details how these contracts are settled. The major difference between Futures and Forwards is that Futures are traded publicly on exchanges and the Forwards are privately traded).

@Economics_Optional_Notes ओपन / कमेंट

2022-05-01 08:04:26 @Economics_Optional_Notes ओपन / कमेंट

2022-05-01 08:03:19 Global Gender Gap Index 2020

The Gender Gap Index is an annual index published by World Economic Forum since 2006.

The Report highlights gaps in gender parity in four dimensions namely;
↱ Economic Participation and Opportunity– Wage gap, labour force participation and access to high-skilled employment
↱ Educational attainment –Access to basic and higher level education
↱ Political empowerment –Representation in decision-making structures
↱ Health and survival –Life expectancy and sex ratio

India has slipped to 112th/153 position from its 108th position last year. It is below on China (106th), Sri Lanka (102nd), Nepal (101st), Brazil (92nd), Indonesia (85th) and Bangladesh (50th).

India’s low ranking is on account of bad performance in Economic Participation – 149; Health and survival - 150.

The top performers include Iceland, Norway, and Finland. Yemen is ranked the worst (153rd), behind Iraq (152nd) and Pakistan (151st).

@Economics_Optional_Notes ओपन / कमेंट

2022-05-01 07:58:46 https://t.me/+Zm9fGzkNTFEwM2M9 ओपन / कमेंट