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Incoming Shortwave Solar Radiation and the Heat Budget of the earth and the Atmosphere#Insolation◇ The earth receives most of its energy from the sun through
shortwave solar radiation. The solar energy radiated towards the earth's surface is taken as
100 per cent or 100 units.◇ Out of the total incoming per solar radiation entering the earth's atmosphere
35 cent is sent back to space through scattering by dust
particles (6%), reflection from the clouds (27%) and from the
ground surface (2%), 51 per cent is received by the earth's surface (received as direct radiation), and
14 per cent is absorbed by the atmospheric gases (ozone, oxygen etc.) and water vapour in different vertical zones of the atmosphere.
