Technical Civil

2021-05-15 10:52:33 Air pollution

Effects of air pollution on human

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) :- It effects mucous membrane.

Carbon monoxide (CO) :- It reacts with haemoglobin in blood to form toxic compound carboxyhemoglobin. It also affects the central nervous system.

oxides of nitrogen :- It causes eye and nasal irritation and pulmonary discomfort

Ozone :- It affect on respiratory system

Lead :- It effects include gastrointestinal damage, liver and kidney damage

Hydrocarbons :- It causes lung cancer

Particulates :- It causes respiratory diseases

@Technical_civil ओपन / कमेंट

2021-05-15 10:52:33 Air pollution

Primary & Secondary air pollutants

Primary air pollutant

Finer particles

Coarse Particles

Sulphur compounds

Oxides of Nitrogen

Carbon monoxide

Halogen compounds

Organic compounds

Radioactive compounds

Hydrocarbons

Secondary air pollutant

Ozone

Formaldehyde

PAN (Peroxy acetyl nitrate)

Photochemical Smog

@Technical_civil ओपन / कमेंट

2021-05-15 10:52:32 Waste water engineering

Solid waste management

Methods of disposal of solid waste

1. Land filling

A minimum clearance distance is 6m from the surrounding area should be left during filling operation of flow laying areas.

Biodegradable solid waste is disposed by this method

Methods of land filling

1. Area filling

2. Trench filling

3. Depression filling

2. composting

It is biological method of decomposting solid waste.

Method of composting

Indore method of composting :- aerobic process

Bangalore method of composting :- anaerobic process

3. Incineration

Combustible solid waste disposed by this method.

Burning in the presence of air

4. Pyrolysis

Burning in absence of air

Plastic & rubber waste disposed by this method

5. Pulverization

Non biodegradable and non combustible solid waste disposed by this method

Cutting or shredding into small pieces.

6. Sea disposal

Barged into sea & disposed into deep sea water

@Technical_civil ओपन / कमेंट

2021-05-15 10:52:32 waste water engineering

Solid waste management

Waste generated by the community which is essentially solid and discarded as useless or unwanted is known as solid waste

Types of solid waste

Municipal waste

Industrial waste

Hazardous waste

Solid waste management system

Generation :- Indian communities generate solid waste at 0.4 to 0.8 kg/person/day

Collection :- Bin system

Transfer & Transport :- Hauling system

Processing & Recovery :- Segregation of solid waste.

@Technical_civil ओपन / कमेंट

2021-05-15 10:52:32 Waste water engineering

Dilution factor & Type of treatment recommended for domestic waste

> 500 :- No treatment

300 - 500 :- Preliminary treatment

150- 300 :- Primary Treatment

< 150 :- Primary Treatment followed by secondary treatment

@Technical_civil ओपन / कमेंट

2021-05-15 10:52:32 Waste water engineering

Disposal of sewage treatment

Land treatment

This method follows

~ When there is no fresh water body in the vicinity of community.

~ Soil is capable of absorbing waste (sandy or loamy soil are best)

~ Ground water table deep below the ground.

Sewage sikness

continuous application of sewage on same land leads to sewage sikness.

Remedies

~ Give rest to the soil

~ plough the soil after drying.

@Technical_civil ओपन / कमेंट