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2021-06-27 09:01:22 #important_concept #chemistry #jee

BORN HABER CYCLE

Born Haber process or more commonly referred to as Born Haber cycle is a method that allows us to observe and analyze energies in a reaction. It mainly helps in describing the formation of ionic compounds from different elements. The methodology further enables us to understand the overall reaction process through a series of steps.

Born-Haber cycle was introduced in the year 1919 by German scientists named Fritz Haber and Max Born. Born Haber cycle is mainly used to calculate the lattice energy. It also involves several steps or processes such as electron affinity, ionization energy, sublimation energy, the heat of formation and dissociation energy.

Considerations
The reaction of electropositive metals with electronegative nonmetals produces ionic solids. Alkali and alkaline earth metals react with chalcogen or halogen family elements to form compounds, which are crystalline ionic solids. Ionic compounds being stabilized by the electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative charges are expected to have similar physical properties.

But physical properties like stability, the water solubility of these ionic compounds differ much. The difference is, attributed to the difference in an enthalpy called ‘Lattice energy’, between the ionic solids.

Lattice energy is the energy that keeps together the cations and anions of the compound in fixed positions in a crystalline solid state. Lattice energy can be defined as either energy released when gaseous ions form one mole of a solid ionic compound or as the energy required to convert one mole ionic solid into its gaseous ions. There is no way to measure experimentally this lattice energy. Hess law of heat summation is the only indirect way of estimating the lattice energy.

Application of Hess law of heat summation to the formation of solid ionic compounds involve enthalpy of all processes that are necessary for the formation of the solid ionic compound from the elemental state of the constituent atoms, in a form cycle such that the total energy on summation is zero.

What is Born Haber Cycle?
Born Haber cycle is a cycle of enthalpy change of process that leads to the formation of a solid crystalline ionic compound from the elemental atoms in their standard state and of the enthalpy of formation of the solid compound such that the net enthalpy becomes zero.

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